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    The Linguistic Expectancy Bias and the American Mass Media

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    Genre
    Thesis/Dissertation
    Date
    2011
    Author
    Hunt, Alexandrea Melissa
    Advisor
    Karpinski, Andrew
    Committee member
    Hantula, Donald A.
    Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy
    Weisberg, Robert W.
    Johnson, Kareem
    Arceneaux, Kevin
    Department
    Psychology
    Subject
    Psychology, Social
    Communication
    Political Science
    Intergroup Processes
    Linguistic Abstraction
    Linguistic Expectancy Bias
    Media Bias
    Print Media
    Social Cognition
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/1481
    
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    DOI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/1463
    Abstract
    Socially salient information (such as stereotypes and expectancies) can be transmitted amongst individuals in a variety of subtle ways. One of these is the Linguistic Expectancy Bias (LEB), in which patterns of linguistic abstraction indirectly indicate a speaker's attitudes toward a target. The LEB is a common feature of human communication, but research on it has largely been limited to the laboratory; its presence in news media reports is not well-studied. In three studies, I investigate the operation of the LEB in the print media domain. In the first, published reports of NFL games between intercity rivals were analyzed to determine whether or not hometown teams receive more favorable linguistic treatment than hated rivals; results indicate no evidence of a systematic LEB effect. In the second, news reports about the 2004 Presidential election were examined for differential coverage based on the party membership of the candidates, with no evidence of linguistic bias discovered. In the third, participants were exposed to a description of a politician that varies in the levels of abstraction used to describe his actions and asked to form impressions of him. Linguistic bias was found to have a subtly paradoxical effect, such that bias against a candidate resulted in greater explicit and implicit liking for him. Implications for both the social psychology and political science literatures are discussed.
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