2024-06-052024-06-052022-08-049789027211170http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/10525This chapter examines how L2 listening ability has been modeled and operationalized in the research literature, and provides a critical overview of the dominant models. It also describes how researchers have used both taxonomies of listening skills as well as data-driven approaches to creating models of listening ability. The chapter then provides a critical discussion of how the constructs of L2 listening ability have been operationalized and measured by empirical researchers. The chapter concludes with an analysis of why models and operationalizations of L2 listening ability have often neglected to include or focus on those aspects of language that are unique to listening ability.20 pagesengAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs CC BY-NC-NDhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Text