2021-01-252021-01-252017-01-262050-084X2050-084Xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/494128124973 (pubmed)http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/4959© Grove et al. Nuclear exclusion of the transcriptional regulators and potent oncoproteins, YAP/TAZ, is considered necessary for adult tissue homeostasis. Here we show that nuclear YAP/TAZ are essential regulators of peripheral nerve development and myelin maintenance. To proliferate, developing Schwann cells (SCs) require YAP/TAZ to enter S-phase and, without them, fail to generate sufficient SCs for timely axon sorting. To differentiate, SCs require YAP/TAZ to upregulate Krox20 and, without them, completely fail to myelinate, resulting in severe peripheral neuropathy. Remarkably, in adulthood, nuclear YAP/TAZ are selectively expressed by myelinating SCs, and conditional ablation results in severe peripheral demyelination and mouse death. YAP/ TAZ regulate both developmental and adult myelination by driving TEAD1 to activate Krox20. Therefore, YAP/TAZ are crucial for SCs to myelinate developing nerve and to maintain myelinated nerve in adulthood. Our study also provides a new insight into the role of nuclear YAP/TAZ in homeostatic maintenance of an adult tissue.e20982-enCC BYhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Egr2Schwann cellsTEADTazdemyelinationmouseneuroscienceAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingAnimalsCell Cycle ProteinsCell DifferentiationCell ProliferationMiceMyelin SheathPhosphoproteinsSchwann CellsTranscription FactorsArticle2021-01-25