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How Can We Best Assess Spatial Skills? Practical and Conceptual Challenges
Uttal, David H. ; McKee, Kiley ; Simms, Nina ; Hegarty, Mary ; Newcombe, Nora S.
Uttal, David H.
McKee, Kiley
Simms, Nina
Hegarty, Mary
Newcombe, Nora S.
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Journal article
Date
2024-01-16
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Psychology and Neuroscience
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https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence12010008
Abstract
Spatial thinking skills are associated with performance, persistence, and achievement in
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) school subjects. Because STEM knowledge
and skills are integral to developing a well-trained workforce within and beyond STEM, spatial
skills have become a major focus of cognitive, developmental, and educational research. However,
these efforts are greatly hampered by the current lack of access to reliable, valid, and well-normed
spatial tests. Although there are hundreds of spatial tests, they are often hard to access and use, and
information about their psychometric properties is frequently lacking. Additional problems include
(1) substantial disagreement about what different spatial tests measure—even two tests with similar
names may measure very different constructs; (2) the inability to measure some STEM-relevant spatial
skills by any existing tests; and (3) many tests only being available for specific age groups. The first
part of this report delineates these problems, as documented in a series of structured and open-ended
interviews and surveys with colleagues. The second part outlines a roadmap for addressing the
problems. We present possibilities for developing shared testing systems that would allow researchers
to test many participants through the internet. We discuss technological innovations, such as virtual
reality, which could facilitate the testing of navigation and other spatial skills. Developing a bank of
testing resources will empower researchers and educators to explore and support spatial thinking
in their disciplines, as well as drive the development of a comprehensive and coherent theoretical
understanding of spatial thinking.
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Uttal, D.H.; McKee, K.; Simms, N.; Hegarty, M.; Newcombe, N.S. How Can We Best Assess Spatial Skills? Practical and Conceptual Challenges. J. Intell. 2024, 12, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence12010008
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Journal of Intelligence, Vol. 12, Iss. 1
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