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Examining the Effects of Neighborhood Disadvantage on Neural Responses to Executive Control
Skudlarek, Regan
Skudlarek, Regan
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Date
2025
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Biology
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https://doi.org/10.34944/a588-nx11
Abstract
Previous research has shown that neighborhood disadvantage is strongly associated with internalizing behaviors, or negative behaviors directed towards oneself (Leventhal & Brooks-Gunn, 2000). Such behaviors have also been linked to altered neural responses during executive control as well as abnormalities within the anterior cingulate cortex (Karlsgodt et al., 2017; Marusak et al., 2016). However, it remains unclear whether neural responses during executive control mediate the effects of the neighborhood environment on internalizing behaviors. To investigate this issue, we used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study), which contains longitudinal assessments of brain and behavior from over 10000 adolescents (N = 11876). We hypothesized that neural responses to executive control mediate the effect of the environment on internalizing behaviors, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of these associations. The primary region of interest was the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), a key region for executive control and working memory. We used data from the stop-signal task, which measures inhibitory control and captures dynamic responses within the executive network. Results indicate that there is an association between neighborhood disadvantage and internalizing behaviors even when accounting for any mediation, but the dACC itself does not mediate this relationship. This approach aims to deepen the understanding of how environmental factors and brain activity intersect to influence adolescent mental health.
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