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The irreducible mass of Christodoulou-Ruffini-Hawking mass formula
Ha, Yuan K.
Ha, Yuan K.
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Conference proceeding
Date
2023
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Physics
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https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811269776_0010
Abstract
We reveal three new discoveries in black hole physics previously unexplored in the Hawking era. These results are based on the remarkable 1971 discovery of the irreducible mass of the black hole by Christodoulou and Ruffini, and subsequently confirmed by Hawking. 1. The Horizon Mass Theorem shows that the mass at the event horizon of any black hole: neutral, charged, or rotating, depends only on twice its irreducible mass observed at infinity. 2. The External Energy Conjecture proposes that the electrostatic and rotational energy of a general black hole exist completely outside the horizon due to the nature of the irreducible mass. 3. The Moment of Inertia Property shows that every Kerr black hole has a moment of inertia. When the rotation stops, there is an irreducible moment of inertia as a result of the irreducible mass. Thus after 50 years, the irreducible mass has gained a new and profound significance. No longer is it just a limiting value in energy extraction, it can also determine black hole dynamics and structure. What is believed to be a black hole is a physical body with an extended structure. Astrophysical black holes are likely to be massive compact objects from which light cannot escape.
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The irreducible mass of Christodoulou-Ruffini-Hawking mass formula Yuan K. Ha () The Sixteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting. March 2023, 154-163
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World Scientific
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The Sixteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting
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