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A Remedy for Heterogeneous Data: Clustered Federated Learning with Gradient Trajectory

Liu, Ruiqi
Yu, Songcan
Lan, Linsi
Wang, Junbo
Kant, Krishna
Calleja, Neville
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Journal article
Date
2024-12-04
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Computer and Information Sciences
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.26599/bdma.2024.9020065
Abstract
Federated Learning (FL) has recently attracted a lot of attention due to its ability to train a machine learning model using data from multiple clients without divulging their privacy. However, the training data across clients can be very heterogeneous in terms of quality, amount, occurrences of specific features, etc. In this paper, we demonstrate how the server can observe data heterogeneity by mining gradient trajectories that the clients compute from a two-dimensional mapping of high-dimensional gradients computed by each client from its bottom layer. Based on these ideas, we propose a new clustered federated learning with gradient trajectory method, called CFLGT, which dynamically clusters clients together based on the gradient trajectories. We analyze CFLGT both theoretically and experimentally to show that it overcomes several drawbacks of mainstream Clustered Federated Learning (CFL) methods and outperforms other baselines.
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R. Liu, S. Yu, L. Lan, J. Wang, K. Kant and N. Calleja, "A Remedy for Heterogeneous Data: Clustered Federated Learning with Gradient Trajectory," in Big Data Mining and Analytics, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1050-1064, December 2024, doi: 10.26599/BDMA.2024.9020065. keywords: {Data privacy;Federated learning;Computational modeling;Training data;Big Data;Data models;Trajectory;Servers;Federated Learning (FL);clustering;heterogeneous data;distributed system},
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Tsinghua University Press
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Big Data Mining and Analytics, Vol. 7, Iss. 4
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