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Electrical resistivity and ground-penetrating radar as tools to characterize groundwater surface water interaction at Mirror Lake, NH

Mitchell, Natasha
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Thesis/Dissertation
Date
2008
Advisor
Nyquist, Jonathan E.
Committee member
Toran, Laura E.
Tumarkin-Deratzian, Allison
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Department
Earth and Environmental Science
Subject
Hydrology
 Geology
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https://scholarshare.temple.edu/handle/20.500.12613/12100
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Mitchell-Thesis-2008.pdf
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.34944/dka3-yf67
Abstract
The results of electrical resistivity surveys using both surface-towed and stationary (lake bottom) cables at Mirror Lake, NH suggested that resistivity surveying can be useful for characterizing geologic heterogeneities that control groundwater-surface water interaction, as well as for imaging road salt contamination. In-situ measurements of seepage coincident with resistivity surveys suggested a relationship between resistivity values and seepage rates. Specifically, we observed that seepage rates were low (averaging-20 cm/day) at Mirror Lake where resistivity values were greater than or equal 3000 O-m and where they were less than or equal to 200 Q.- m. Low (200 fl-m) resistivity values were indicative of organic matter deposits. High (3000 fi-m) resistivity values were indicative of low porosity, poorly sorted till. Intermediate (-1500 H-m) resistivity values were observed in the regions where seepage rates were highest (averaging-80 cm/day). Core, modeling, and slug test data suggest that these intermediate resistivity values reflect well-sorted, higher-porosity glacial drift. Resistivity surveys of the suspected region of salt contamination revealed a plume-shaped feature of low resistivity. Low resistivity and higher chloride content were confirmed by laboratory analysis of pore fluid. The results of ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys suggested that this technique can also identify geologic features that relate to seepage. GPR surveys identified the bounds of a blanket of organic matter that covers the bottom of Mirror Lake; previous work suggested that this organic matter controls seepage there. Radar also confirmed the results of previous work at Mirror Lake about the distribution of cobbles and boulders there. We conclude that the rapidly acquired towed-cable resistivity survey and ground-penetrating radar surveys can guide placement of higher-resolution, more time-consuming stationary cable surveys. The use of stationary cable resistivity surveys in the very near-shore environments (< 2 m from shore), which are generally inaccessible with a towed-cable survey and yield very low resolution GPR images, can guide seepage meter placement.
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