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dc.creatorRichardson, Victorya
dc.creatorEngel, Nora
dc.creatorKulathinal, Rob
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-28T13:24:17Z
dc.date.available2023-06-28T13:24:17Z
dc.date.issued2023-05-19
dc.identifier.citationRichardson, V., Engel, N. & Kulathinal, R.J. Comparative developmental genomics of sex-biased gene expression in early embryogenesis across mammals. Biol Sex Differ 14, 30 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-023-00520-z
dc.identifier.issn2042-6410
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/8766
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/8802
dc.description.abstractBackground: Mammalian gonadal sex is determined by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome and the subsequent production of sex hormones contributes to secondary sexual differentiation. However, sex chromosome-linked genes encoding dosage-sensitive transcription and epigenetic factors are expressed well before gonad formation and have the potential to establish sex-biased expression that persists beyond the appearance of gonadal hormones. Here, we apply a comparative bioinformatics analysis on a pair of published single-cell datasets from mouse and human during very early embryogenesis—from two-cell to pre-implantation stages—to characterize sex-specific signals and to assess the degree of conservation among early acting sex-specific genes and pathways. Results: Clustering and regression analyses of gene expression across samples reveal that sex initially plays a significant role in overall gene expression patterns at the earliest stages of embryogenesis which potentially may be the byproduct of signals from male and female gametes during fertilization. Although these transcriptional sex effects rapidly diminish, sex-biased genes appear to form sex-specific protein–protein interaction networks across pre-implantation stages in both mammals providing evidence that sex-biased expression of epigenetic enzymes may establish sex-specific patterns that persist beyond pre-implantation. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) on male and female transcriptomes generated clusters of genes with similar expression patterns across sex and developmental stages, including post-fertilization, epigenetic, and pre-implantation ontologies conserved between mouse and human. While the fraction of sex-differentially expressed genes (sexDEGs) in early embryonic stages is similar and functional ontologies are conserved, the genes involved are generally different in mouse and human. Conclusions: This comparative study uncovers much earlier than expected sex-specific signals in mouse and human embryos that pre-date hormonal signaling from the gonads. These early signals are diverged with respect to orthologs yet conserved in terms of function with important implications in the use of genetic models for sex-specific disease.
dc.format.extent14 page
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofFaculty/ Researcher Works
dc.relation.haspartBiology of Sex Differences, 14, Article no. 30
dc.relation.isreferencedbyBMC
dc.relation.isreferencedbyRichardson, Victorya; Engel, Nora; Kulathinal, Rob J. (2023). Additional file 1 of Comparative developmental genomics of sex-biased gene expression in early embryogenesis across mammals. figshare. Journal contribution. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22978361.v1
dc.rightsAttribution CC BY
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectSex-biased gene expression
dc.subjectEvolutionary development
dc.subjectGenomics
dc.subjectMammalian embryogenesis
dc.titleComparative developmental genomics of sex-biased gene expression in early embryogenesis across mammals
dc.typeText
dc.type.genreJournal article
dc.contributor.groupInstitute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine (Temple University)
dc.description.departmentBiology
dc.description.departmentCancer and Cellular Biology
dc.relation.doihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-023-00520-z
dc.ada.noteFor Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) accommodation, including help with reading this content, please contact scholarshare@temple.edu
dc.description.schoolcollegeTemple University. College of Science and Technology
dc.description.schoolcollegeLewis Katz School of Medicine
dc.creator.orcidEngel|0000-0002-0618-3624
dc.creator.orcidKulathinal|0000-0003-1907-2744
dc.temple.creatorRichardson, Victorya
dc.temple.creatorEngel, Nora
dc.temple.creatorKulathinal, Rob J.
refterms.dateFOA2023-06-28T13:24:17Z


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