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    DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE BURN RATE ADDITIVES FOR DOUBLE BASE PROPELLANT

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    Lundell_temple_0225E_15128.pdf
    Embargo:
    2024-05-18
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    2.656Mb
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    Genre
    Thesis/Dissertation
    Date
    2023
    Author
    Lundell, Carl cc
    Advisor
    Zdilla, Michael
    Committee member
    Spano, Frank
    Levis, Robert
    Cowart, Sam
    Department
    Chemistry
    Subject
    Chemistry
    Burn rate additive
    Double base
    Propellant
    Stabilizer
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/8465
    
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    DOI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/8429
    Abstract
    It was accidentally discovered in the 1940s that the addition of lead to double-base propellants, resulted in beneficial burn rate phenomena. However, due to its toxicity the Department of Defense has been trying to find a replacement for lead over the last decade. Research efforts with this goal in mind have generally used the same methodology of either adding different metals, using different grain sizes, or using different concentrations to obtain the same burn rate effects as lead. Although some metal oxides demonstrated significant promise, they also depleted the double-base propellant stabilizer faster than acceptable, decreasing shelf life. The research explored herein does not take the same approach, but rather attempts to replace lead and solve the stability problem at the molecular level using a novel design. The new method was to synthesize a stabilizer ligand complex with a less toxic metal to create a complex that both stabilized the propellant and provides a burn rate modifying agent. First, the synthesises of two leaded complexes, tetrakis (µ3-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl imido lead (II))) and bis(dinitrophenyl imido lead(II)) are reported as both a proof of concept and to determine a feasible synthetic pathway. After various unsuccessful attempts using common stabilizer molecules as ligands, n-phenylurea was identified as a suitable analogous stabilizer molecule and was bonded to a cobalt center to create hexa-1-phenylurea cobalt(II) nitrate. Additionally and serendipitously, unreported complexes of metal ions with dicyanamide were discovered, which generated a discussion between ligand strength and metal center. Each of the complexes are characterized in depth and many physical properties determined.
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