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dc.creatorRaffa, Robert B.
dc.creatorPergolizzi, Joseph V., Jr.
dc.creatorCukier, Herm
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-01T16:19:33Z
dc.date.available2022-09-01T16:19:33Z
dc.date.issued2022-05
dc.identifier.citationRaffa, R. , Jr., J. and Cukier, H. (2022) Polysubstance Use and Overdose Visualized via Maps: Amphetamines and Cocaine. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 13, 140-148. doi: 10.4236/pp.2022.135011.
dc.identifier.issn2157-9431
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/8114
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/8142
dc.description.abstractAbuse of drug substances and resultant overdose deaths are no longer very straightforward—viz., attributable to a single chemical entity of known purity. The reality is that most overdose deaths involve polysubstance use (i.e., the use of combinations of substances). Further, the combinations are often of unknown purity, and even of unknown composition. Overdose deaths are at all-time highs. The depressing statistics are monitored and reported by several international and governmental organizations such as the WHO (World Health Organization), CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), several Institutes of the NIH (National Institutes of Health), Regulators, and Enforcement Agencies (e.g., DEA). The information is disseminated for free for review and use. But it is our observation that although numeric presentation is helpful and adequate for professionals, the non-expert and the visual learner often find a visual representation clearer and compelling. With this in mind, we present the “gestalt” of polysubstance use and overdose using available maps of the data. The previous article in the series considered the opioids. This one considers amphetamines and cocaine, and places the rise in opioid-associated overdose deaths in the context of other abused drugs.
dc.format.extent9 pages
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofFaculty/ Researcher Works
dc.relation.haspartPharmacology & Pharmacy, Vol. 13
dc.relation.isreferencedbyScientific Research Publishing
dc.rightsAttribution CC BY
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectPolysubstance use/ abuse
dc.subjectUse disorder
dc.subjectOverdose
dc.subjectMaps
dc.subjectAmphetamine
dc.subjectCocaine
dc.titlePolysubstance Use and Overdose Visualized via Maps: Amphetamines and Cocaine
dc.typeText
dc.type.genreJournal article
dc.relation.doihttps://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.135011
dc.ada.noteFor Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) accommodation, including help with reading this content, please contact scholarshare@temple.edu
dc.description.schoolcollegeTemple University. School of Pharmacy
dc.temple.creatorRaffa, Robert B.
refterms.dateFOA2022-09-01T16:19:33Z


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