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    The Neurological consequences of Early Life Stress

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    Kunta-ResearchProject-2022.pdf
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    Genre
    Research project
    Date
    2022
    Author
    Kunta, Charita
    Advisor
    Shah, Mansi
    Johnson, Kareem
    Group
    Temple University. Honors Program
    Department
    Biology
    Subject
    Early life stress (ELS)
    Hippocampus
    Amygdala
    Cognitive circuits
    Epigenetics
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/7917
    
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    DOI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/7889
    Abstract
    Early life stress can be defined as extreme stress or trauma experienced by a child during developmental stages. This type of chronic stress can cause far reaching consequences well into adulthood. The following literature review will focus on the neurological consequences from ELS exposure. Studies show that ELS exposure can be linked to decreased hippocampus volume and blunted mesolimbic pathway, potentially increasing the risk of depression. ELS is also associated with increased amygdala volume and increased attention bias to negative cues, which might increase susceptibility to anxiety. Furthermore, insults during early childhood stages can affect the functioning and development of cognitive circuits, resulting in impaired learning and memory as evidenced by human and rodent studies. Epigenetic studies indicate that DNA methylation and BDNF expression can be altered by ELS. Fortunately, some epigenetic modulations can be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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