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    The Role of Frustration in Intensive Treatment of Childhood Apraxia of Speech

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    Cook_temple_0225M_14838.pdf
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    Genre
    Thesis/Dissertation
    Date
    2021
    Author
    Cook, Shina Jinn
    Advisor
    Maas, Edwin
    Committee member
    Caspari, Susan
    Alpert, Rebecca T. (Rebecca Trachtenberg), 1950-
    Department
    Public Health
    Subject
    Speech therapy
    CAS
    Childhood apraxia of speech
    Frustration
    Speech sound disorders
    Speech-language pathology
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/7791
    
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    DOI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/7763
    Abstract
    Purpose: This study primarily investigates the effects and influence of frustration in children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) in the setting of intensive treatment. Additionally, the study examines the interrater reliability of the frustration rating scale used in an intensive CAS treatment study. Methods: Frustration and treatment data obtained from 17 participants (between 4;0-9;11 years) with CAS in an intensive treatment research study were retrospectively used to determine potential relationships related to frustration in treatment (target complexity, temporal conditions, session number, CAS severity). Interrater reliability of the frustration rating scale was assessed with 34 randomly selected treatment session videos scored by a blinded second rater and compared to original scores. Results: Interrater reliability of the scale was poor to fair but had relatively close agreement within one scale point. Frustration levels were observed to decrease over the course of the treatment period but were typically greater in the afternoon sessions compared to morning. Participants in the complex target treatment condition with lower frustration also exhibited better outcomes than those with greater frustration. No other relationships were observed. Conclusions: Due to relatively poor interrater reliability of frustration scoring system used to obtain data used in the current study, results of the study should be interpreted cautiously. There may be a relationship between frustration levels in children with CAS and treatment conditions and outcomes, but other factors may influence both variables and further investigation into frustration is necessary to draw stronger conclusions.
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      A Systematic Examination of Practice Amount in Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) Treatment Using an Integral Stimulation Approach

      Maas, Edwin; Reilly, Jamie; Kohen, Francine (Temple University. Libraries, 2017)
      The purpose of this study was to examine how a critical principle of motor learning, practice amount (high number of trials versus a low number of trials), affects speech motor learning in childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). It also sought to contribute to the literature base regarding using an integral stimulation approach for these children. Currently, a limited evidence base exists for decision-making regarding practice amount in CAS treatment. Using a single-case experimental design with two participants, three target sets of utterances (High Amount, Low Amount, and Control) received different amounts of treatment. Outcomes were compared in terms of retention. Targets were scored regarding perceptual (prosodic and segmental) accuracy. Effect sizes were computed to quantify the extent of treatment effects. For both participants, results show some evidence suggesting a higher amount of practice is advantageous and leads to greater learning. A low amount of treatment did not show clear differences compared to not receiving any treatment. Caution should be taken when interpreting these findings due to its small sample size and modest effects. Results suggest that the integral stimulation approach may only be effective if provided with a significantly high amount of practice. Further research is needed to examine how the principles of motor learning and the integral stimulation approach should be sensibly and systematically applied to promote best outcomes for this population.
    • Thumbnail

      Feedback Control in Treatment for Apraxia of Speech

      Maas, Edwin; DeDe, Gayle; Kohen, Francine (Temple University. Libraries, 2020)
      Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder associated with an impairment in motor planning and programming. It is therefore a logical step to derive treatment of the disorder from the principles of motor learning. Principles of motor learning refer to relatively predictable benefits of certain practice conditions over others (e.g., random practice enhances learning compared to blocked practice). A number of studies have begun to examine principles of motor learning in treatment for AOS (e.g., Austermann Hula et al., 2008; Katz et al., 2010). The current project aims to continue the investigation of motor learning principles and its application to motor speech disorders. In particular, the primary goal of this study is to examine the role of feedback control in treatment for AOS. Two types of feedback control are typically distinguished: self-controlled feedback and clinician-controlled feedback (Chiviacowsky & Wulf, 2004; Chiviacowsky & Wulf, 2007; Janelle, Barba, Frehlich, Tennant, & Cauraugh, 1997; Wulf, 2007). A secondary goal is then to examine the efficacy of script training for AOS. Youmans et al. (2011) provided promising initial evidence supporting its efficacy for AOS, yet no studies have replicated these findings (Ballard et al., 2015). The results of this study suggest that self-controlled feedback is more efficacious in treating adults with AOS than clinician-controlled feedback. Greater improvements of performance for self-controlled feedback were noted especially in accuracy of productions. There was the potential to impact rate of speech as well. Findings across conditions (treated versus untreated scripts) also indicate that script training is an efficacious method of treating adults with AOS.
    • Thumbnail

      TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD APRAXIA OF SPEECH: A SINGLE-CASE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN STUDY OF INTENSITY OF TREATMENT

      Maas, Edwin; Kohen, Francine; Reilly, Jamie (Temple University. Libraries, 2017)
      Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a pediatric motor-speech disorder which has been controversial due to its difficulty to diagnose and little progress in treatment. The purpose of the present study was to examine a principle of motor learning (PML) within the context of an evidence-based treatment for this disorder, as a way to improve outcomes for children with CAS. In particular, this study examines the role of intensity, specifically, massed versus distributed practice, when treating CAS using a modified form of Dynamic Temporal Tactile Cueing (DTTC; Strand et al., 2006). Two participants with CAS between the ages of 5 and 11 received massed and distributed practice on individualized targets in an single-case alternating treatments design with multiple baselines. Accuracy of speech targets on probe tasks was judged by blinded listeners. Results were interpreted through inspection of graphs and calculation of effect sizes. The results of the study showed that massed practice had a marginal benefit over distributed practice. Implications from this study suggest the importance of continued research examining the role of PML in CAS treatment and the value of using a massed-treatment approach when treating CAS.
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