WHO’S BETTING ON SPORTS? THREE ESSAYS ON UNDERSTANDING SPORTS BETTING MOTIVATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON BETTING INTENTION AND BEHAVIOR

Kim, Koo Yul

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Thesis/Dissertation

Date

2022

Author

Kim, Koo Yul

Advisor

Kunkel, Thilo

Committee member

Drayer, Joris
Roehl, Wesley S.
Srivastava, Joydeep

Department

Tourism and Sport

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/7702

Abstract

Since the U.S. Supreme Court lifted the federal ban on sports gambling, the popularity of sports gambling continues to increase. This has left the sport industry, including academics, interested in examining the drivers of sports gambling participation and their influence on consumers’ betting behavior. This dissertation includes three essays considering motivations to engage in sports gambling. While all focus on sports gambling, each of these three standalone essays embrace a different focus to explore sports gambling motivations and betting behavior. First, Essay One explores the differences in motivation and perception of skill versus luck between daily fantasy sports (DFS) and sports betting participants. Next, Essay Two investigates the interplay between motivations and game characteristics on betting intentions. Finally, Essay Three explores the effects of different marketing promotions and their fit with consumers’ regulatory focus on consumers’ betting behavior. Collectively, this research will provide insights and understandings of different drivers of sports gambling and their influence on consumer behavior regarding sports gambling.

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History of High School Girls' Sport in the City and Suburbs of Philadelphia, 1890-1990

Cutler, William W.; Woyshner, Christine A.; Hill, Marc Lamont; Horvat, Erin McNamara, 1964-; Alpert, Rebecca T. (Rebecca Trachtenberg), 1950- (Temple University. Libraries, 2009)

This study is an investigation of the development and one hundred year history of high school girls' sport in the city and suburbs of Philadelphia. Its focus is on how and why, over time, the experiences of schoolgirl athletes in the city of Philadelphia were different from the experiences of schoolgirl athletes in the surrounding suburbs. Using place, gender and race critical perspectives, high school yearbooks, augmented by oral histories, were used as primary resources to determine the origins of sport programs in public high schools throughout the region, the uneven impact of national professional standards on city and suburban schoolgirl sport programs, the creation of a unique city sport culture, the changes in school sport as a result of the suburbanization in the region and finally, the impact of suburban school district reorganizations on black schoolgirl athletes. Along with an examination of newspapers and other secondary sources this study suggests that suburban schoolgirl experiences emerged as the normative expression of schoolgirl sport.
EXAMINING THE INCREMENTAL EFFECTS OF PARTICIPANT SPORTING EVENTS IN PROMOTING ACTIVE LIVING: CREATING ACTIONABLE KNOWLEDGE TO TACKLE A PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS

Funk, Daniel C. (Daniel Carl), 1964-; Jordan, Jeremy S.; Pavlou, Paul A.; Collins, Bradley N.; Zhao, Zhigen; Jordan, Will J. (Temple University. Libraries, 2017)

Using a theoretical synergy between the Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) and Behavioral Ecological Model (BEM), the current dissertation research provides empirical evidence to support that organized participant sporting events can play a significant role in building a healthier community. First, using a proprietary U.S. community-based panel data from 2008 to 2014, study 1 examines the incremental effects of participant sporting events (PSE) in promoting active living at the population level. Panel regression with an instrumental variable approach and Multigroup Latent Growth Curve Analysis were administered. The key findings included (1) these population-based interventions have the capacity to impact population health at the state level; (2) such an influence significantly varies across the United States contingent upon a state’s economic development and the geographical region to which a state belongs. In study 2, the Multilevel Mediation Analysis was conducted with a spatially clustered cross-sectional data in 2014. The findings revealed that the access to exercise opportunities at the state level represents the underlying mechanism through which various forms of participant sporting events have the ability to elicit positive effects on health with respects to mental health, physical health, and physical activity participation at the county level. The findings suggested that PSEs represent effective public health platform to create healthier communities through integrating physically active leisure into population’s everyday routines. Overall, empirical results also help us better understand the importance of effectively leveraging community sporting events to deliver required health benefits to the general public and create practical guidelines to inform policy formation on resource allocation.
INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF GROUP DYNAMICS ON SPORT FANS’ TEAM APPAREL CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR

Funk, Daniel C. (Daniel Carl), 1964-; Kunkel, Thilo; Ok, Chihyung; Fong, Nathan (Temple University. Libraries, 2018)

Sport team fans identify with a team and continually internalize their favorite team as part of their self-concept (Wann, Melnick, Russel, & Pease, 2001). However, individuals simultaneously act different from the group to fulfill a psychological need to be distinct and unique (e.g., Brewer, 1991). The majority of prior studies in sport consumption behavior have emphasized that the sense of belonging to a sport team significantly influences a fan’s attitude toward the team and consequent sport consumption behaviors. Beyond the fan-team relationship, there has been limited research on why an individual fan behaves differently from others in the group, specifically why and how sport fans assert their personal and collective selves while in groups. Furthermore, fans attach not only to their favorite sport teams, but also to a fan community which support the team. Under the optimal distinctiveness framework, group dynamics are conceptualized as perceived interchangeability of group inclusion to the same group and interindividual differences (Simon & Kampmeier, 2001). This notion highlights the opposing forces or needs between fan distinctiveness (FD), to be distinct from other group members, and fan inclusiveness (FI), to be similar to other group members, as mutual determinants of the interpersonal self. Thus, the purpose of this research is to explore the psychological mechanism through which sport fans in a fan group balance two conflicting needs of group dynamics to make a decision on team apparel consumption. This was accomplished through two studies. Study 1 employed a survey design to confirm the established evidence on the effects of team identification on team merchandise consumption behaviors in prior sport management studies. It also uncovered the role of group dynamics in sport fans’ team apparel consumption behavior. Findings of Study 1 showed that the mechanism of group dynamics was induced by a level of FI, FD, or both. With a sequential association from university identification (UID) to team identification (TID), the group dynamics were shown to significantly influence team apparel consumption behavior. Study 2 replicated the findings of Study 1 with undergraduate students and National Football League (NFL) fans across group contexts. Study 2 was implemented with the same measurement items to investigate whether the effect of group dynamics on team apparel consumption are moderated by social visibility as a situational cue as well as a boundary condition. Study 2 provided additional evidence of the mechanism underlying the impact of group dynamics on team apparel consumption across two different research contexts. The overarching theoretical implication is that the mediator (group dynamics) and moderators (social visibility and context) influence sport fans’ team apparel consumption behaviors. The pendulum effect between the opposing forces of FI and FD in terms of group dynamics provide an insightful idea to extend optimal distinctiveness theory (ODT) framework and advance the theory. FD and FI play a key role in predicting fan unique team apparel consumption behavior. Moreover, if one of the needs, either FD or FI, are too dominate, the pendulum effect will help balance the needs out. The existing concept of group dynamics explains why sport fans seek unique team products, but cannot account for the traditional perspective of TID to consumption behavior models. Therefore, the current findings further understanding of why and how individuals within a group of fans consume team products based on their unique balance between group inclusiveness and personal distinctiveness. The findings will provide practical guidelines for both teams and sports brand marketers to understand the desire of sophisticated consumers to signal their individuality and what products and services should be offered according to the context-specific need.