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Journal articleDate
2021-04-16Author
Peppin, John F.Pergolizzi Jr., Joseph V.
Fudin, Jeffrey
Meyer, Tricia A.
Raffa, Robert B.
Department
Pharmeceutical SciencesPermanent link to this record
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/7027
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https://doi.org/10.2147/jpr.s298607Abstract
The interest in substances that stimulate respiration has waxed and waned throughout the years, intensifying following the introduction of a new class of drugs that causes respiratory depression, and diminishing when antidotes or better drug alternatives are found. Examples include the opioids––deaths increasing during overprescribing, diminishing with wider availability of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, increasing again during COVID-19; the barbiturates––until largely supplanted by the benzodiazepines; propofol; and other central nervous system depressants. Unfortunately, two new troubling phenomena force a reconsideration of the status-quo: (1) overdoses due to highly potent opioids such as fentanyl, and even more-potent licit and illicit fentanyl analogs, and (2) overdose due to polysubstance use (the combination of an opioid plus one or more non-opioid drug, such as a benzodiazepine, sedating antidepressant, skeletal muscle relaxant, or various other agents). Since these now represent the majority of cases, new solutions are again needed. An interest in respiratory stimulants has been revived. This interest can be informed by a short review of the history of this interesting class of medications. We present a short history of the trajectory of advances toward more selective and safer respiratory stimulants.Citation
Peppin JF, Pergolizzi JV Jr, Fudin J, Meyer TA, Raffa RB. History of Respiratory Stimulants. J Pain Res. 2021;14:1043-1049. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S298607Citation to related work
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Journal of Pain Research, Vol. 14ADA compliance
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http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/7008
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