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    Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms

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    Genre
    Journal article
    Date
    2020-12-25
    Author
    Gerkin, Richard C.
    Ohla, Kathrin
    Veldhuizen, Maria G.
    Joseph, Paule V.
    Kelly, Christine E.
    Bakke, Alyssa J.
    Steele, Kimberley E.
    Farruggia, Michael C.
    Pellegrino, Robert
    Pepino, Marta Y.
    Bouysset, Cédric
    Soler, Graciela M.
    Pereda-Loth, Veronica
    Dibattista, Michele
    Cooper, Keiland W.
    Croijmans, Ilja
    Di Pizio, Antonella
    Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan
    Fjaeldstad, Alexander W.
    Lin, Cailu
    Sandell, Mari A.
    Singh, Preet B.
    Brindha, V. Evelyn
    Olsson, Shannon B.
    Saraiva, Luis R.
    Ahuja, Gaurav
    Alwashahi, Mohammed K.
    Bhutani, Surabhi
    D'Errico, Anna
    Fornazieri, Marco A.
    Golebiowski, Jérôme
    Hwang, Liang Dar
    Öztürk, Lina
    Roura, Eugeni
    Spinelli, Sara
    Whitcroft, Katherine L.
    Faraji, Farhoud
    Fischmeister, Florian Ph S.
    Heinbockel, Thomas
    Hsieh, Julien W.
    Huart, Caroline
    Konstantinidis, Iordanis
    Menini, Anna
    Morini, Gabriella
    Olofsson, Jonas K.
    Philpott, Carl M.
    Pierron, Denis
    Shields, Vonnie D.C.
    Voznessenskaya, Vera V.
    Albayay, Javier
    Altundag, Aytug
    Bensafi, Moustafa
    Bock, María Adelaida
    Calcinoni, Orietta
    Fredborg, William
    Laudamiel, Christophe
    Lim, Juyun
    Lundström, Johan N.
    Macchi, Alberto
    Meyer, Pablo
    Moein, Shima T.
    Santamaría, Enrique
    Sengupta, Debarka
    Dominguez, Paloma Rohlfs
    Yanik, Hüseyin
    Hummel, Thomas
    Hayes, John E.
    Reed, Danielle R.
    Niv, Masha Y.
    Munger, Steven D.
    Parma, Valentina cc
    Show allShow less
    Department
    Psychology
    Subject
    Anosmia
    Chemosensory
    Coronavirus
    Hyposmia
    Olfactory
    Prediction
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/6265
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa081
    Abstract
    In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0–100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19−; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19− groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean ± SD, C19+: −82.5 ± 27.2 points; C19−: −59.8 ± 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0–10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.
    Citation
    Gerkin, R.C., Ohla, K., Veldhuizen, M.G., et. al. Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms, Chemical Senses, Volume 46, 2021, bjaa081, https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa081
    Citation to related work
    Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Has part
    Chemical Senses, Vol. 46
    ADA compliance
    For Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) accommodation, including help with reading this content, please contact scholarshare@temple.edu
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/6247
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