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    Evolutionary origins of human herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2

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    Name:
    Evolutionary origins of human ...
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    Genre
    Journal Article
    Date
    2014-01-01
    Author
    Wertheim, JO
    Smith, MD
    Smith, DM
    Scheffler, K
    Kosakovsky Pond, SL
    Subject
    co-divergence
    molecular clock
    zoonosis
    cross-species transmission
    homo
    selection
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/5922
    
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    DOI
    10.1093/molbev/msu185
    Abstract
    Herpesviruses have been infecting and codiverging with their vertebrate hosts for hundreds of millions of years. The primate simplex viruses exemplify this pattern of virus-host codivergence, at a minimum, as far back as the most recent common ancestor of NewWorldmonkeys, OldWorld monkeys, and apes. Humans are the only primate species known to be infected with two distinct herpes simplex viruses: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Human herpes simplex viruses are ubiquitous, with over two-thirds of the human population infected by at least one virus. Here, we investigated whether the additional human simplex virus is the result of ancient viral lineage duplication or cross-species transmission. We found that standard phylogenetic models of nucleotide substitution are inadequate for distinguishing among these competing hypotheses; the extent of synonymous substitutions causes a substantial underestimation of the lengths of some of the branches in the phylogeny, consistent with observations in other viruses (e.g., avian influenza, Ebola, and coronaviruses). To more accurately estimate ancient viral divergence times, we applied a branch-site random effects likelihood model ofmolecular evolution that allows the strength of natural selection to vary across both the viral phylogeny and the gene alignment. This selection-informed model favored a scenario in which HSV-1 is the result of ancient codivergence and HSV-2 arose from a cross-species transmission event from the ancestor of modern chimpanzees to an extinct Homo precursor of modern humans, around 1.6Ma. These results provide a new framework for understanding human herpes simplex virus evolution and demonstrate the importance of using selection-informedmodels of sequence evolution when investigating viral origin hypotheses. © The Author 2014.
    Citation to related work
    Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Has part
    Molecular Biology and Evolution
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    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/5904
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