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    Mammalian microRNAs: A small world for fine-tuning gene expression

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    Mammalian microRNAs a small world ...
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    Genre
    Review
    Journal
    Date
    2006-03-01
    Author
    Sevignani, C
    Calin, GA
    Siracusa, LD
    Croce, CM
    Subject
    Animals
    Gene Expression
    Humans
    MicroRNAs
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/5641
    
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    DOI
    10.1007/s00335-005-0066-3
    Abstract
    The basis of eukaryotic complexity is an intricate genetic architecture where parallel systems are involved in tuning gene expression, via RNA-DNA, RNA-RNA, RNA-protein, and DNA-protein interactions. In higher organisms, about 97% of the transcriptional output is represented by noncoding RNA (ncRNA) encompassing not only rRNA, tRNA, introns, 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions, transposable elements, and intergenic regions, but also a large, rapidly emerging family named microRNAs. MicroRNAs are short 20-22-nucleotide RNA molecules that have been shown to regulate the expression of other genes in a variety of eukaryotic systems. MicroRNAs are formed from larger transcripts that fold to produce hairpin structures and serve as substrates for the cytoplasmic Dicer, a member of the RNase III enzyme family. A recent analysis of the genomic location of human microRNA genes suggested that 50% of microRNA genes are located in cancer-associated genomic regions or in fragile sites. This review focuses on the possible implications of microRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation in mammalian diseases, with particular focus on cancer. We argue that developing mouse models for deleted and/or overexpressed microRNAs will be of invaluable interest to decipher the regulatory networks where microRNAs are involved. © Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006.
    Citation to related work
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Has part
    Mammalian Genome
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    http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/5623
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