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    Origins and Evolution of MicroRNA Genes in Drosophila Species

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    Genre
    Comparative Study
    Journal Article
    Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    Date
    2010
    Author
    Nozawa, Masafumi
    Miura, Sayaka
    Nei, Masatoshi
    Subject
    birth-and-death evolution
    gene duplication
    gene regulation
    multigene family
    noncoding RNA
    substitution rate
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/5553
    
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    DOI
    10.1093/gbe/evq009
    Abstract
    MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. To obtain some insights into the origins and evolutionary patterns of miR genes, we have identified miR genes in the genomes of 12 Drosophila species by bioinformatics approaches and examined their evolutionary changes. The results showed that the extant and ancestral Drosophila species had more than 100 miR genes and frequent gains and losses of miR genes have occurred during evolution. Although many miR genes appear to have originated from random hairpin structures in intronic or intergenic regions, duplication of miR genes has also contributed to the generation of new miR genes. Estimating the rate of nucleotide substitution of miR genes, we have found that newly arisen miR genes have a substitution rate similar to that of synonymous nucleotide sites in protein-coding genes and evolve almost neutrally. This suggests that most new miR genes have not acquired any important function and would become inactive. By contrast, old miR genes show a substitution rate much lower than the synonymous rate. Moreover, paired and unpaired nucleotide sites of miR genes tend to remain unchanged during evolution. Therefore, once miR genes acquired their functions, they appear to have evolved very slowly, maintaining essentially the same structures for a long time.
    Citation to related work
    Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Has part
    GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
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    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/5535
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