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    Landscape genetics reveals focal transmission of a human macroparasite

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    Name:
    Landscape genetics reveals focal ...
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    Genre
    Journal Article
    Date
    2010-04-01
    Author
    Criscione, CD
    Anderson, JD
    Sudimack, D
    Subedi, J
    Upadhayay, RP
    Jha, B
    Williams, KD
    Williams-Blangero, S
    Anderson, TJC
    Subject
    Adolescent
    Adult
    Aged
    Animals
    Ascariasis
    Ascaris lumbricoides
    Child
    Child, Preschool
    Cluster Analysis
    DNA, Helminth
    Female
    Genotype
    Humans
    Male
    Middle Aged
    Nepal
    Young Adult
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    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/5545
    
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    DOI
    10.1371/journal.pntd.0000665
    Abstract
    Macroparasite infections (e.g., helminths) remain a major human health concern. However, assessing transmission dynamics is problematic because the direct observation of macroparasite dispersal among hosts is not possible. We used a novel landscape genetics approach to examine transmission of the human roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides in a small human population in Jiri, Nepal. Unexpectedly, we found significant genetic structuring of parasites, indicating the presence of multiple transmission foci within a small sampling area (~14 km2). We analyzed several epidemiological variables, and found that transmission is spatially autocorrelated around households and that transmission foci are stable over time despite extensive human movement. These results would not have been obtainable via a traditional epidemiological study based on worm counts alone. Our data refute the assumption that a single host population corresponds to a single parasite transmission unit, an assumption implicit in many classic models of macroparasite transmission. Newer models have shown that the metapopulation-like pattern observed in our data can adversely affect targeted control strategies aimed at community-wide impacts. Furthermore, the observed metapopulation structure and local mating patterns generate an excess of homozygotes that can accelerate the spread of recessive traits such as drug resistance. Our study illustrates how molecular analyses complement traditional epidemiological information in providing a better understanding of parasite transmission. Similar landscape genetic approaches in other macroparasite systems will be warranted if an accurate depiction of the transmission process is to be used to inform effective control strategies. © 2010 Criscione et al.
    Citation to related work
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Has part
    PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
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    http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/5527
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