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    Low Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles in Biosolids Cause Adverse Ecosystem Responses under Realistic Field Scenario

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    Low concentrations of silver ...
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    Genre
    Journal Article
    Date
    2013-02-27
    Author
    Colman, BP
    Arnaout, CL
    Anciaux, S
    Gunsch, CK
    Hochella, MF
    Kim, B
    Lowry, GV
    McGill, BM
    Reinsch, BC
    Richardson, CJ
    Unrine, JM
    Wright, JP
    Yin, L
    Bernhardt, ES
    Show allShow less
    Subject
    Biomass
    Ecosystem
    Metal Nanoparticles
    Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
    Plants
    Silver
    Silver Nitrate
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/5408
    
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    DOI
    10.1371/journal.pone.0057189
    Abstract
    A large fraction of engineered nanomaterials in consumer and commercial products will reach natural ecosystems. To date, research on the biological impacts of environmental nanomaterial exposures has largely focused on high-concentration exposures in mechanistic lab studies with single strains of model organisms. These results are difficult to extrapolate to ecosystems, where exposures will likely be at low-concentrations and which are inhabited by a diversity of organisms. Here we show adverse responses of plants and microorganisms in a replicated long-term terrestrial mesocosm field experiment following a single low dose of silver nanoparticles (0.14 mg Ag kg-1 soil) applied via a likely route of exposure, sewage biosolid application. While total aboveground plant biomass did not differ between treatments receiving biosolids, one plant species, Microstegium vimeneum, had 32 % less biomass in the Slurry+AgNP treatment relative to the Slurry only treatment. Microorganisms were also affected by AgNP treatment, which gave a significantly different community composition of bacteria in the Slurry+AgNPs as opposed to the Slurry treatment one day after addition as analyzed by T-RFLP analysis of 16S-rRNA genes. After eight days, N2O flux was 4.5 fold higher in the Slurry+AgNPs treatment than the Slurry treatment. After fifty days, community composition and N2O flux of the Slurry+AgNPs treatment converged with the Slurry. However, the soil microbial extracellular enzymes leucine amino peptidase and phosphatase had 52 and 27% lower activities, respectively, while microbial biomass was 35% lower than the Slurry. We also show that the magnitude of these responses was in all cases as large as or larger than the positive control, AgNO3, added at 4-fold the Ag concentration of the silver nanoparticles. © 2013 Colman et al.
    Citation to related work
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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    PLoS ONE
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    http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/5390
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