Glioblastoma Stem Cells Microenvironment: The Paracrine Roles of the Niche in Drug and Radioresistance
Genre
Journal ArticleDate
2016-01-01Author
Fidoamore, ACristiano, L
Antonosante, A
D'Angelo, M
Di Giacomo, E
Astarita, C
Giordano, A
Ippoliti, R
Benedetti, E
Cimini, A
Subject
1112 Oncology and CarcinogenesisBiomedical
Basic Science
Cancer
Neurosciences
Stem Cell Research
Brain Cancer
Rare Diseases
Brain Disorders
Orphan Drug
Cancer
2.1 Biological and endogenous factors
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http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/5164
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Show full item recordDOI
10.1155/2016/6809105Abstract
© 2016 Alessia Fidoamore et al. Among all solid tumors, the high-grade glioma appears to be the most vascularized one. In fact, "microvascular hyperplasia" is a hallmark of GBM. An altered vascular network determines irregular blood flow, so that tumor cells spread rapidly beyond the diffusion distance of oxygen in the tissue, with the consequent formation of hypoxic or anoxic areas, where the bulk of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reside. The response to this event is the induction of angiogenesis, a process mediated by hypoxia inducible factors. However, this new capillary network is not efficient in maintaining a proper oxygen supply to the tumor mass, thereby causing an oxygen gradient within the neoplastic zone. This microenvironment helps GSCs to remain in a "quiescent" state preserving their potential to proliferate and differentiate, thus protecting them by the effects of chemo-and radiotherapy. Recent evidences suggest that responses of glioblastoma to standard therapies are determined by the microenvironment of the niche, where the GSCs reside, allowing a variety of mechanisms that contribute to the chemo-and radioresistance, by preserving GSCs. It is, therefore, crucial to investigate the components/factors of the niche in order to formulate new adjuvant therapies rendering more efficiently the gold standard therapies for this neoplasm.Citation to related work
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http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/5146