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dc.creatorRouhani, S
dc.creatorPeñataro Yori, P
dc.creatorParedes Olortegui, M
dc.creatorSiguas Salas, M
dc.creatorRengifo Trigoso, D
dc.creatorMondal, D
dc.creatorBodhidatta, L
dc.creatorPlatts-Mills, J
dc.creatorSamie, A
dc.creatorKabir, F
dc.creatorLima, AAM
dc.creatorBabji, S
dc.creatorMason, CJ
dc.creatorKalam, A
dc.creatorBessong, P
dc.creatorAhmed, T
dc.creatorMduma, E
dc.creatorBhutta, ZA
dc.creatorLima, I
dc.creatorRamdass, R
dc.creatorLang, D
dc.creatorGeorge, A
dc.creatorZaidi, AKM
dc.creatorKang, G
dc.creatorHoupt, E
dc.creatorKosek, MN
dc.creatorBrett, N
dc.creatorAcosta, AM
dc.creatorDe Burga, RR
dc.creatorChavez, CB
dc.creatorFlores, JT
dc.creatorOlotegui, MP
dc.creatorPinedo, SR
dc.creatorSalas, MS
dc.creatorTrigoso, DR
dc.creatorVasquez, AO
dc.creatorAhmed, I
dc.creatorAlam, D
dc.creatorAli, A
dc.creatorQureshi, S
dc.creatorRasheed, M
dc.creatorSoofi, S
dc.creatorTurab, A
dc.creatorBose, A
dc.creatorHariraju, D
dc.creatorJennifer, MS
dc.creatorJohn, S
dc.creatorKaki, S
dc.creatorKarunakaran, P
dc.creatorKoshy, B
dc.creatorLazarus, RP
dc.creatorMuliyil, J
dc.creatorRaghava, MV
dc.creatorRaju, S
dc.creatorRamachandran, A
dc.creatorRamadas, R
dc.creatorRamanujam, K
dc.creatorRoshan, R
dc.creatorSharma, SL
dc.creatorShanmuga Sundaram, E
dc.creatorThomas, RJ
dc.creatorPan, WK
dc.creatorAmbikapathi, R
dc.creatorCarreon, JD
dc.creatorCharu, V
dc.creatorDoan, V
dc.creatorGraham, J
dc.creatorHoest, C
dc.creatorKnobler, S
dc.creatorMcCormick, BJJ
dc.creatorMcGrath, M
dc.creatorMiller, MA
dc.creatorMohale, A
dc.creatorNayyar, G
dc.creatorPsaki, S
dc.creatorRasmussen, Z
dc.creatorRichard, SA
dc.creatorSeidman, JC
dc.creatorWang, V
dc.creatorBlank, R
dc.creatorGottlieb, M
dc.creatorTountas, KH
dc.creatorAmour, C
dc.creatorBayyo, E
dc.creatorMvungi, R
dc.creatorNshama, R
dc.creatorPascal, J
dc.creatorSwema, BM
dc.creatorYarrot, L
dc.creatorAhmed, AS
dc.creatorHaque, R
dc.creatorHossain, I
dc.creatorIslam, M
dc.creatorMahfuz, M
dc.creatorTofail, F
dc.creatorChandyo, RK
dc.creatorShrestha, PS
dc.creatorShrestha, R
dc.creatorUlak, M
dc.creatorBauck, A
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-27T22:01:19Z
dc.date.available2021-01-27T22:01:19Z
dc.date.issued2016-05-15
dc.identifier.issn1058-4838
dc.identifier.issn1537-6591
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/5052
dc.identifier.other27013692 (pubmed)
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/5070
dc.description.abstract© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Background. Norovirus is an important cause of childhood diarrhea. We present data from a longitudinal, multicountry study describing norovirus epidemiology during the first 2 years of life. Methods. A birth cohort of 1457 children across 8 countries contributed 7077 diarrheal stools for norovirus testing. A subset of 199 children contributed additional asymptomatic samples (2307) and diarrheal stools (770), which were used to derive incidence rates and evaluate evidence for acquired immunity. Results. Across sites, 89% of children experienced at least 1 norovirus infection before 24 months, and 22.7% of all diarrheal stools were norovirus positive. Severity of norovirus-positive diarrhea was comparable to other enteropathogens, with the exception of rotavirus. Incidence of genogroup II (GII) infection was higher than genogroup I and peaked at 6-11 months across sites. Undernutrition was a risk factor for symptomatic norovirus infection, with an increase in 1 standard deviation of length-for-age z score associated with a 17% reduction (odds ratio, 0.83 [95% confidence interval,. 72-.97]; P =. 011) in the odds of experiencing diarrhea when norovirus was present, after accounting for genogroup, rotavirus vaccine, and age. Evidence of acquired immunity was observed among GII infections only: Children with prior GII infection were found to have a 27% reduction in the hazard of subsequent infection (hazard ratio, 0.727; P =. 010). Conclusions. The high prevalence of norovirus across 8 sites in highly variable epidemiologic settings and demonstration of protective immunity for GII infections provide support for investment in vaccine development.
dc.format.extent1210-1217
dc.language.isoen
dc.relation.haspartClinical Infectious Diseases
dc.relation.isreferencedbyOxford University Press (OUP)
dc.rightsCC BY-NC-ND
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectdiarrhea
dc.subjectimmunity
dc.subjectnorovirus
dc.subjectCaliciviridae Infections
dc.subjectChild, Preschool
dc.subjectCohort Studies
dc.subjectDiarrhea
dc.subjectFeces
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectIncidence
dc.subjectInfant
dc.subjectInfant, Newborn
dc.subjectNorovirus
dc.titleNorovirus infection and acquired immunity in 8 countries: Results from the MAL-ED study
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.genreJournal Article
dc.relation.doi10.1093/cid/ciw072
dc.ada.noteFor Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) accommodation, including help with reading this content, please contact scholarshare@temple.edu
dc.date.updated2021-01-27T22:01:15Z
refterms.dateFOA2021-01-27T22:01:20Z


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