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    Postcolonial Pete: Race, Media, and Memory in the Politics of Dutch Identity

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    Genre
    Thesis/Dissertation
    Date
    2020
    Author
    Vliet, Diantha cc
    Advisor
    Murphy, Patrick D.
    Committee member
    Darling-Wolf, Fabienne
    Rodríguez, Clemencia
    Awad, Isabel
    Department
    Communication Sciences
    Subject
    Communication
    Black studies
    European studies
    Blackface
    Collective memory
    Colonialism
    Journalism
    Sinterklaas
    The Netherlands
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/4723
    
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    DOI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/4705
    Abstract
    Populism in Europe has heightened racial tensions in many countries, including the Netherlands. Since the early 2010s, the Dutch have been debating whether the traditional blackface character Black Pete is a racist remnant of colonialism and should be changed for modern society. Though many politicians consider Black Pete a “matter for the people”, different agents in meaning-making provide different perspectives and influences. This dissertation explores the Black Pete debate holistically and considers how he is interpreted and changed through multiple entry points. By tracing the historical changes of the image and critically examining the discourses created by politicians, the media, and activists, the analysis shows how Black Pete comes the stand in for Dutch identity and how this gives him political utility. The process of resignifying Black Pete highlights the difficulty of addressing racial inequalities in a postcolonial nation. Each agent uses Black Pete to either maintain or challenge the existing racial hierarchy, but lone agents can neither make change nor stop the demand for it. These agents often only tangentially interact, but each action affects what the others do. Throughout the analysis of each entry point, the connecting role of the news media is shown, as it interprets these actions for the public at large. Colonialism created boundaries around the Dutch identity through violence, capital, and racial classifications, the Black Pete is about moving those boundaries to include those who least benefit from the colonial legacy.
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