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dc.creatorRogawski, ET
dc.creatorLiu, J
dc.creatorPlatts-Mills, JA
dc.creatorKabir, F
dc.creatorLertsethtakarn, P
dc.creatorSiguas, M
dc.creatorKhan, SS
dc.creatorPraharaj, I
dc.creatorMurei, A
dc.creatorNshama, R
dc.creatorMujaga, B
dc.creatorHavt, A
dc.creatorMaciel, IA
dc.creatorOperario, DJ
dc.creatorTaniuchi, M
dc.creatorGratz, J
dc.creatorStroup, SE
dc.creatorRoberts, JH
dc.creatorKalam, A
dc.creatorAziz, F
dc.creatorQureshi, S
dc.creatorIslam, MO
dc.creatorSakpaisal, P
dc.creatorSilapong, S
dc.creatorYori, PP
dc.creatorRajendiran, R
dc.creatorBenny, B
dc.creatorMcGrath, M
dc.creatorSeidman, JC
dc.creatorLang, D
dc.creatorGottlieb, M
dc.creatorGuerrant, RL
dc.creatorLima, AAM
dc.creatorLeite, JP
dc.creatorSamie, A
dc.creatorBessong, PO
dc.creatorPage, N
dc.creatorBodhidatta, L
dc.creatorMason, C
dc.creatorShrestha, S
dc.creatorKiwelu, I
dc.creatorMduma, ER
dc.creatorIqbal, NT
dc.creatorBhutta, ZA
dc.creatorAhmed, T
dc.creatorHaque, R
dc.creatorKang, G
dc.creatorKosek, MN
dc.creatorHoupt, ER
dc.creatorAcosta, AM
dc.creatorRios de Burga, R
dc.creatorChavez, CB
dc.creatorFlores, JT
dc.creatorOlotegui, MP
dc.creatorPinedo, SR
dc.creatorTrigoso, DR
dc.creatorVasquez, AO
dc.creatorAhmed, I
dc.creatorAlam, D
dc.creatorAli, A
dc.creatorRasheed, M
dc.creatorSoofi, S
dc.creatorTurab, A
dc.creatorYousafzai, A
dc.creatorZaidi, AK
dc.creatorShrestha, B
dc.creatorRayamajhi, BB
dc.creatorStrand, T
dc.creatorAmmu, G
dc.creatorBabji, S
dc.creatorBose, A
dc.creatorGeorge, AT
dc.creatorHariraju, D
dc.creatorJennifer, MS
dc.creatorJohn, S
dc.creatorKaki, S
dc.creatorKarunakaran, P
dc.creatorKoshy, B
dc.creatorLazarus, RP
dc.creatorMuliyil, J
dc.creatorRagasudha, P
dc.creatorRaghava, MV
dc.creatorRaju, S
dc.creatorRamachandran, A
dc.creatorRamadas, R
dc.creatorRamanujam, K
dc.creatorRose, A
dc.creatorRoshan, R
dc.creatorSharma, SL
dc.creatorSundaram, S
dc.creatorThomas, RJ
dc.creatorPan, WK
dc.creatorAmbikapathi, R
dc.creatorCarreon, JD
dc.creatorDoan, V
dc.creatorHoest, C
dc.creatorKnobler, S
dc.creatorMcCormick, BJ
dc.creatorMiller, MA
dc.creatorPsaki, S
dc.date.accessioned2020-12-11T21:14:08Z
dc.date.available2020-12-11T21:14:08Z
dc.date.issued2018-12-01
dc.identifier.issn2214-109X
dc.identifier.issn2214-109X
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/4350
dc.identifier.other30287125 (pubmed)
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/4368
dc.description.abstract© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: Enteropathogen infections in early childhood not only cause diarrhoea but contribute to poor growth. We used molecular diagnostics to assess whether particular enteropathogens were associated with linear growth across seven low-resource settings. Methods: We used quantitative PCR to detect 29 enteropathogens in diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal stools collected from children in the first 2 years of life obtained during the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) multisite cohort study. Length was measured monthly. We estimated associations between aetiology-specific diarrhoea and subclinical enteropathogen infection and quantity and attained length in 3 month intervals, at age 2 and 5 years, and used a longitudinal model to account for temporality and time-dependent confounding. Findings: Among 1469 children who completed 2 year follow-up, 35 622 stool samples were tested and yielded valid results. Diarrhoeal episodes attributed to bacteria and parasites, but not viruses, were associated with small decreases in length after 3 months and at age 2 years. Substantial decrements in length at 2 years were associated with subclinical, non-diarrhoeal, infection with Shigella (length-for-age Z score [LAZ] reduction −0·14, 95% CI −0·27 to −0·01), enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (−0·21, −0·37 to −0·05), Campylobacter (−0·17, −0·32 to −0·01), and Giardia (−0·17, −0·30 to −0·05). Norovirus, Cryptosporidium, typical enteropathogenic E coli, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were also associated with small decrements in LAZ. Shigella and E bieneusi were associated with the largest decreases in LAZ per log increase in quantity per g of stool (−0·13 LAZ, 95% CI −0·22 to −0·03 for Shigella; −0·14, −0·26 to −0·02 for E bieneusi). Based on these models, interventions that successfully decrease exposure to Shigella, enteroaggregative E coli, Campylobacter, and Giardia could increase mean length of children by 0·12–0·37 LAZ (0·4–1·2 cm) at the MAL-ED sites. Interpretation: Subclinical infection and quantity of pathogens, particularly Shigella, enteroaggregative E coli, Campylobacter, and Giardia, had a substantial negative association with linear growth, which was sustained during the first 2 years of life, and in some cases, to 5 years. Successfully reducing exposure to certain pathogens might reduce global stunting. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
dc.format.extente1319-e1328
dc.language.isoen
dc.relation.haspartThe Lancet Global Health
dc.relation.isreferencedbyElsevier BV
dc.rightsCC BY
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAsia, Western
dc.subjectBrazil
dc.subjectChild, Preschool
dc.subjectCohort Studies
dc.subjectDiarrhea
dc.subjectEnterobacteriaceae Infections
dc.subjectGrowth Disorders
dc.subjectHealth Resources
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectInfant
dc.subjectInfant, Newborn
dc.subjectMolecular Diagnostic Techniques
dc.subjectPeru
dc.subjectReal-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
dc.subjectSouth Africa
dc.subjectTanzania
dc.titleUse of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to investigate the effect of enteropathogen infections on linear growth in children in low-resource settings: longitudinal analysis of results from the MAL-ED cohort study
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.genreJournal Article
dc.relation.doi10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30351-6
dc.ada.noteFor Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) accommodation, including help with reading this content, please contact scholarshare@temple.edu
dc.date.updated2020-12-11T21:14:03Z
refterms.dateFOA2020-12-11T21:14:09Z


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