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    Can Institutional Reforms Promote Sustainable Planning? Integrating Regional Transportation and Land Use in Toronto and Chicago (2001-2014)

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    Genre
    Thesis/Dissertation
    Date
    2015
    Author
    Tremblay-Racicot, Fanny Rose
    Advisor
    Rosan, Christina
    Committee member
    Adams, Carolyn Teich
    Flamm, Bradley
    Shell, Jacob, 1983-
    Mercier, Jean
    Department
    Urban Studies
    Subject
    Urban Planning
    Transportation
    Political Science
    Comparative Study
    Governance
    Regional Planning
    Smart Growth
    Sustainable Transportation
    Urban & Regional Policy
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/3979
    
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    DOI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/3961
    Abstract
    Although governments have implemented several reforms to better integrate or coordinate regional transportation and land use decisions, little is known about the effects of new institutional designs on planning and development outcomes. This study compares the effects of two different types of institutional reforms on the planning process, transportation investments and land use decisions, while assessing their characteristics in terms of accountability, democracy, and effectiveness. Using semi-structured interviews, planning documents, as well as transportation spending and land use decisions, this longitudinal, comparative case study assesses the effects of the centralized, regulatory framework implemented in Toronto in 2005-2006, to the collaborative governance framework adopted in Chicago in 2005. Although each institutional design features different sets of constraints and opportunities, both reforms improved the planning process by establishing a renewed commitment to the exercise of regional planning. However, their impact on transportation investments was limited because the allocation of transportation funds is still primarily controlled by the province and the state governments who continue to control the purse strings and allocate money to advance their own political agendas. Both cases also show how difficult it is to increase densities and curb urban sprawl because local land uses, zoning and development approvals remain the prerogative of local governments and a function of locational preferences of individuals and corporations, which are contingent upon the market and shaped by global economic forces. Besides stronger regional institutions, the evidence presented in this study calls for new political strategies that address the fiscalization of land use and that offer financial incentives for the adoption of smart growth policies.
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