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Walking, Gross Motor Development, and Brain Functional Connectivity in Infants and Toddlers
Marrus, Natasha Eggebrecht, Adam T. Todorov, Alexandre Elison, Jed T. Wolff, Jason J. Cole, Lyndsey Gao, Wei Pandey, Juhi Shen, Mark D. Swanson, Meghan R.
Marrus, Natasha
Eggebrecht, Adam T.
Todorov, Alexandre
Elison, Jed T.
Wolff, Jason J.
Cole, Lyndsey
Gao, Wei
Pandey, Juhi
Shen, Mark D.
Swanson, Meghan R.
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Journal article
Date
2017-11-23
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Psychology
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https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx313
Abstract
Infant gross motor development is vital to adaptive function and predictive of both cognitive outcomes and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, little is known about neural systems underlying the emergence of walking and general gross motor abilities. Using resting state fcMRI, we identified functional brain networks associated with walking and gross motor scores in a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort of infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder, who represent a dimensionally distributed range of motor function. At age 12 months, functional connectivity of motor and default mode networks was correlated with walking, whereas dorsal attention and posterior cingulo-opercular networks were implicated at age 24 months. Analyses of general gross motor function also revealed involvement of motor and default mode networks at 12 and 24 months, with dorsal attention, cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal, and subcortical networks additionally implicated at 24 months. These findings suggest that changes in network-level brain–behavior relationships underlie the emergence and consolidation of walking and gross motor abilities in the toddler period. This initial description of network substrates of early gross motor development may inform hypotheses regarding neural systems contributing to typical and atypical motor outcomes, as well as neurodevelopmental disorders associated with motor dysfunction.
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Natasha Marrus, Adam T Eggebrecht, Alexandre Todorov, Jed T Elison, Jason J Wolff, Lyndsey Cole, Wei Gao, Juhi Pandey, Mark D Shen, Meghan R Swanson, Robert W Emerson, Cheryl L Klohr, Chloe M Adams, Annette M Estes, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Kelly N Botteron, Robert C McKinstry, John N Constantino, Alan C Evans, Heather C Hazlett, Stephen R Dager, Sarah J Paterson, Robert T Schultz, Martin A Styner, Guido Gerig, The IBIS Network, Bradley L Schlaggar, Joseph Piven, John R Pruett, Jr., Walking, Gross Motor Development, and Brain Functional Connectivity in Infants and Toddlers, Cerebral Cortex, Volume 28, Issue 2, February 2018, Pages 750–763, https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx313
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Oxford University Press
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Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 28, Iss. 2
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