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The Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Links Vascular Dysfunctions and the Autoimmune Disease Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chan, Marion M. Yang, Xiaofeng Saaoud, Fatma Sun, Yu Fong, Dunne
Chan, Marion M.
Yang, Xiaofeng
Saaoud, Fatma
Sun, Yu
Fong, Dunne
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Journal article
Date
2019-08-07
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Microbiology and Immunology
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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081821
Abstract
Diet and microbiota each have a direct impact on many chronic, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. As the field develops, a new perspective is emerging. The effects of diet may depend on the microbiota composition of the intestine. A diet that is rich in choline, red meat, dairy, or egg may promote the growth, or change the composition, of microbial species. The microbiota, in turn, may produce metabolites that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This article reviews our current understanding of the effects of the molecule trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) obtained from food or produced by the microbiota. We review the mechanisms of actions of TMAO, and studies that associate it with cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. We introduce a novel concept: TMAO is one among a group of selective uremic toxins that may rise to high levels in the circulation or accumulate in various organs. Based on this information, we evaluate how TMAO may harm, by exacerbating inflammation, or may protect, by attenuating amyloid formation, in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Chan, M.M.; Yang, X.; Wang, H.; Saaoud, F.; Sun, Y.; Fong, D. The Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Links Vascular Dysfunctions and the Autoimmune Disease Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1821.
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Nutrients, Vol. 11, Issue 8, 1821
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