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Sex differences in neural mechanisms of social and non-social threat monitoring

Clarkson, Tessa
; 
Karvay, Yvette
; ; 
Jarcho, Johanna M.
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Journal article
Date
2021-12
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Psychology
Subject
Error-related negativity
 Virtual school paradigm
 Social threat
 FMRI
 EEG
 Adolescence
 Sex differences
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http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12613/7480
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ClarksonEtAl-JournalArticle-2021-12.pdf
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101038
Abstract
Adolescent males and females differ in their responses to social threat. Yet, threat processing is often probed in non-social contexts using the error-related negativity (ERN; Flanker EEG Task), which does not yield sex-specific outcomes. fMRI studies show inconsistent patterns of sex-specific neural engagement during threat processing. Thus, the relation between threat processing in non-social and social contexts across sexes and the effects perceived level of threat on brain function are unclear. We tested the interactive effect of non-social threat-vigilance (ERN), sex (N = 69; Male=34; 11–14-year-olds), and perceived social threat on brain function while anticipating feedback from ‘unpredictable’, ‘nice’, or ‘mean’ purported peers (fMRI; Virtual School Paradigm). Whole-brain analyses revealed differential engagement of precentral and inferior frontal gyri, putamen, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula. Among males with more threat-vigilant ERNs, greater social threat was associated with increased activation when anticipating unpredictable feedback. Region of interest analyses revealed this same relation in females in the amygdala and anterior hippocampus when anticipating mean feedback. Thus, non-social threat vigilance relates to neural engagement depending on perceived social threat, but peer-based social contexts and brain regions engaged, differ across sexes. This may partially explain divergent psychosocial outcomes in adolescence.
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Citation
Clarkson, T., Karvay, Y., Quarmley, M., Jarcho, J. M. 2021. Sex differences in neural mechanisms of social and non-social threat monitoring. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 52, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101038
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Elsevier
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Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol. 52
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