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HIV-1 associated dementia: Symptoms and causes
Ghafouri, M Amini, S Khalili, K Sawaya, BE
Ghafouri, M
Amini, S
Khalili, K
Sawaya, BE
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Review
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Journal
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2006-05-19
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10.1186/1742-4690-3-28
Abstract
Despite the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), neuronal cell death remains a problem that is frequently found in the brains of HIV-1-infected patients. HAART has successfully prevented many of the former end-stage complications of AIDS, however, with increased survival times, the prevalence of minor HIV-1 associated cognitive impairment appears to be rising among AIDS patients. Further, HIV-1 associated dementia (HAD) is still prevalent in treated patients as well as attenuated forms of HAD and CNS opportunistic disorders. HIV-associated cognitive impairment correlates with the increased presence in the CNS of activated, though not necessarily HIV-1-infected, microglia and CNS macrophages. This suggests that indirect mechanisms of neuronal injury and loss/death occur in HIV/AIDS as a basis for dementia since neurons are not themselves productively infected by HIV-1. In this review, we discussed the symptoms and causes leading to HAD. Outcome from this review will provide new information regarding mechanisms of neuronal loss in AIDS patients. © 2006 Ghafouri et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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Retrovirology
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